South of the city centre but within the urban area is Lake Illawarra, a large lagoon. The coastal plain is widest in the south and narrowest in the north, with the city centre located about midway. It lies on a narrow coastal plain flanked by the Tasman Sea to the east and a steep sandstone precipice known as the Illawarra Escarpment to the west. The city of Wollongong has a distinct geography. Scenic view of Wollongong's northern coastline from Bald Hill, overlooking Stanwell Park The name Wollongong is believed to mean "sound of the sea" in the local Aboriginal language, although other explanations have been offered, such as "great feast of fish", "hard ground near water", "song of the sea", "sound of the waves", "many snakes" and "five islands". The University of Wollongong has around 22,000 students and is internationally recognised. The city attracts many tourists each year, and is a regional centre for the South Coast fishing industry. Wollongong has a long history of coalmining and industry.
It has two cathedrals, churches of many denominations and the Nan Tien Temple, one of the largest Buddhist temples in the southern hemisphere. Wollongong is noted for its heavy industry, its port activity and the quality of its physical setting, occupying a narrow coastal plain between an almost continuous chain of surf beaches and the cliffline of the rainforest-covered Illawarra escarpment.
It sits within the Wollongong Statistical District, which covers the local authority areas of Wollongong, Shellharbour and Kiama, extending from the town of Helensburgh in the north to Gerroa in the south Geologically, the city is located in the south-eastern part of the Sydney basin, which extends from Newcastle to Nowra. The Wollongong metropolitan area extends from Scarborough in the north to Shellharbour in the south. Wollongong Statistical District has a population of 292,190, making Wollongong the third largest city in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle, and the ninth largest city in Australia. It lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 82 kilometres (51 mi) south of Sydney. Wollongong ( / ˈ w ʊ l ə ŋ ɡ ɒ ŋ / WUUL-ləng-gong) is a seaside city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia.
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